Unit 21 Music

设计：陈春晓，索雅，刘洁

Lesson 81
Oh,at the end some songs that everyone ‘s familiar with ,then they can join in .
⑴当主语是人时，用be familiar with sb./sth 意为：（某人）对某人、某事熟悉。
⑵当主语是事物时，用be familiar to sb. 意为：（某人，某事）为某人所熟悉。
eg. I dislike talking to the people I am not familiar with.
All the students are familiar with these stories.
This is a subject that is familiar to you.
The author is quite familiar to me.(这位作家对我来说是很熟悉的。)
2．I’d prefer them not to play too loudly at the beginning.
Well,I think at the beginning we ‘d rather have some fairly quiet and peaceful music.
⑴ prefer to do sth. 更愿意做某事 Prefer sth./doing sth. to sth./doing sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
Prefer sb. (not) to do sth. 宁愿某人（不）做某事
Prefer to do sth.rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
Prefer that……宁愿
eg. Old as he is, he prefers walking to riding.宁愿步行而不愿乘车。
They preferred their only daughter to work in Tibet.他们宁可让他们的独生女儿去西藏工作。
He preferred that we should have the discussion right after the lecture.(他宁可我们一听完课就去讨论。)
⑵would/had rather (not) do sth. 宁愿（不）做某事
would rather do sth. Than do sth. 宁愿。。。而不愿
would rather that …(虚拟形式) 宁愿。。。
eg. We would rather not meet them.
I would rather not go out tonight,if you don’t mind. 如果你不介意的话，今晚我不想外出。
She would rather leave than stay to be insulted. 她宁愿离开也不愿留下来受辱。
I’d rather you came tomorrow than today.
3．Otherwise we won’t be able to hear ourselves talk. 自己讲话的声音。
Otherwise conj. 连接两个并列句；也可作副词。“否则、不然”
Eg. Put the cap back on the bottle, otherwise the juice will spill. 把瓶盖盖上，不然饮料会溢出。
Do what you are told, otherwise you will be punished.
Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret.
4.The people performing all play different instruments and three of them sing too.
注：performing 是现在分词修饰the people作定语
一般单个的动词+ing形式作定语常放在所修饰的名词前面，但如果所修饰的词为代词时，单个的动词+ing形式要置于所修饰词的后面。
Eg. Those standing shouted angrily.那些站着的人愤怒地喊起来。
Who is the one dancing?

Lesson82 Music
Many people earn their living by writing music.
注：earn their living (make a living) 谋生
eg. His father earned a hard living by working ten hours a day.(艰难度日)
He makes a good living by growing tomatoes.
They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played.（他们通常还要为如何演奏他们的音乐写出精确的说明。）
注：此句中的 how the music is to be played 是用连接副词引导的同位语从句。用来说明前面的名词instructions.如：
You have no idea how worried I was!
你不知道当时我有多么的着急！
He raised the question how we could get the meney .
他提出了这样一个问题：怎样才能弄到钱。
注：关于“be +不定式”的结构，除了可表示“计划和安排的事情”外，还可以表“指示、命令或征求对方的意见”。如：
You are not to open it .I forbit you to open it.
不许你打开它。我禁止你打开它。
He was to do do whatever Mr Smith told him to do .
他必须按照史密斯的话去作。
You are not to smoke in my house .
在我家里不许抽烟。
3．Folk music has been passed down fome one generation to another .(民间音乐是一代一代地传下来)
注：pass down 是“传下来、流传”的意思。如：
This spirit should be passed down from generation to generation .
这种精神应该一代一代地传下来。
The tradition of eating mooncakes on the Mid-Autumn Festival has been passed down from ancient times.
中秋节吃月饼的习俗是从古代传下来的。
This gold watch has been passed down three generations
这块金表已传三代了。
注：与动词pass搭配的短语还有pass by (路过：忽视)；pass away {逝世}；pass on (继续传下去)。
4．They used to learn hundreds of songs by heart.（他们曾熟记几百首歌）
注：这个短语的意思是“熟记，背诵”。如：
This boy is good at learing poems by Li Bai by heart.
这个孩子擅长背诵李白的诗。
It is a good practice to learn by heart as many English texts as possible.尽量多背英语课文是一种好的练习。
The teacher told his students to learn the useful phrases by heart .
老师叫他的学生力争把这些有用的词组背下来。
5．On festivals they used to act and sing in praise of the heroes who lived long ago .(在节日里他们表演、唱歌，来歌唱很久以前的英雄)。
注：on festival 与at festival 都表示“在节”，但侧重点不同。如果指节日当天，应用介词on；如果节日看作是一个时节，即指节日的整个期间，则应用介词at .如：
on Christmas 在圣诞节那天 at Christmas 圣诞节期间
on News Year’s Day 元旦那天 at New Year 元旦期间
注：另外 in praise of …是介词短语，意为：称赞，极力赞美…..如:
Many writers wrote articles in praise of the little hero.
许多作家撰写文章称赞这个小英雄。
The leader spoke in praise of the man who had given his life to the country.这位领导人称赞那位为国捐躯的人。
6．India produces more films than any other country in the world .(印度拍摄的电影比世界上任何国家都多)
注：英语中常用“比较级+than any other +单数名词”或“比较级+than any of the other +复数名词”的句型来表示最高级的内涵。其中的other 是用来表示同一比较范围内除主语以外其他的人或事物，不可省略。如果主语不在同一范围内，可用“比较级+than any +单数名词”的句型。如：
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.
(Shanghai is larger than any of the other cities in China)
上海比中国的其他城市大。
Shanghai is larger than any city in Europe.
上海比欧洲的任何城市都大。
7．This type of music has become very famous in Britain and is very good music to dance to.(这种音乐在英国已经很有名气，且是很好的舞蹈音乐。)